// License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
// +build ignore
// The thumbnail command produces thumbnails of JPEG files
// whose names are provided on each line of the standard input.
//
// The "+build ignore" tag (see p.295) excludes this file from the
// thumbnail package, but it can be compiled as a command and run like
// this:
//
// Run with:
// $ go run $GOPATH/src/gopl.io/ch8/thumbnail/main.go
// foo.jpeg
// ^D
//
package main
import (
"bufio"
"fmt"
"log"
"os"
"gopl.io/ch8/thumbnail"
)
func main() {
input := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
for input.Scan() {
thumb, err := thumbnail.ImageFile(input.Text())
if err != nil {
log.Print(err)
continue
}
fmt.Println(thumb)
}
if err := input.Err(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
// thumnail.go
// Copyright © 2016 Alan A. A. Donovan & Brian W. Kernighan.
// License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
// See page 234.
// The thumbnail package produces thumbnail-size images from
// larger images. Only JPEG images are currently supported.
package thumbnail
import (
"fmt"
"image"
"image/jpeg"
"io"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"strings"
)
// Image returns a thumbnail-size version of src.
func Image(src image.Image) image.Image {
// Compute thumbnail size, preserving aspect ratio.
xs := src.Bounds().Size().X
ys := src.Bounds().Size().Y
width, height := 128, 128
if aspect := float64(xs) / float64(ys); aspect < 1.0 {
width = int(128 * aspect) // portrait
} else {
height = int(128 / aspect) // landscape
}
xscale := float64(xs) / float64(width)
yscale := float64(ys) / float64(height)
dst := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, width, height))
// a very crude scaling algorithm
for x := 0; x < width; x++ {
for y := 0; y < height; y++ {
srcx := int(float64(x) * xscale)
srcy := int(float64(y) * yscale)
dst.Set(x, y, src.At(srcx, srcy))
}
}
return dst
}
// ImageStream reads an image from r and
// writes a thumbnail-size version of it to w.
func ImageStream(w io.Writer, r io.Reader) error {
src, _, err := image.Decode(r)
if err != nil {
return err
}
dst := Image(src)
return jpeg.Encode(w, dst, nil)
}
// ImageFile2 reads an image from infile and writes
// a thumbnail-size version of it to outfile.
func ImageFile2(outfile, infile string) (err error) {
in, err := os.Open(infile)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer in.Close()
out, err := os.Create(outfile)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if err := ImageStream(out, in); err != nil {
out.Close()
return fmt.Errorf("scaling %s to %s: %s", infile, outfile, err)
}
return out.Close()
}
// ImageFile reads an image from infile and writes
// a thumbnail-size version of it in the same directory.
// It returns the generated file name, e.g. "foo.thumb.jpeg".
func ImageFile(infile string) (string, error) {
ext := filepath.Ext(infile) // e.g., ".jpg", ".JPEG"
outfile := strings.TrimSuffix(infile, ext) + ".thumb" + ext
return outfile, ImageFile2(outfile, infile)
}
// thum_test_test.go
// Copyright © 2016 Alan A. A. Donovan & Brian W. Kernighan.
// License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
// This file is just a place to put example code from the book.
// It does not actually run any code in gopl.io/ch8/thumbnail.
package thumbnail_test
import (
"log"
"os"
"sync"
"gopl.io/ch8/thumbnail"
)
//!+1
// makeThumbnails makes thumbnails of the specified files.
func makeThumbnails(filenames []string) {
for _, f := range filenames {
if _, err := thumbnail.ImageFile(f); err != nil {
log.Println(err)
}
}
}
//!-1
//!+2
// NOTE: incorrect!
func makeThumbnails2(filenames []string) {
for _, f := range filenames {
go thumbnail.ImageFile(f) // NOTE: ignoring errors
}
}
//!-2
//!+3
// makeThumbnails3 makes thumbnails of the specified files in parallel.
func makeThumbnails3(filenames []string) {
ch := make(chan struct{})
for _, f := range filenames {
go func(f string) {
thumbnail.ImageFile(f) // NOTE: ignoring errors
ch <- struct{}{}
}(f)
}
// Wait for goroutines to complete.
for range filenames {
<-ch
}
}
//!-3
//!+4
// makeThumbnails4 makes thumbnails for the specified files in parallel.
// It returns an error if any step failed.
func makeThumbnails4(filenames []string) error {
errors := make(chan error)
for _, f := range filenames {
go func(f string) {
_, err := thumbnail.ImageFile(f)
errors <- err
}(f)
}
for range filenames {
if err := <-errors; err != nil {
return err // NOTE: incorrect: goroutine leak!
}
}
return nil
}
//!-4
//!+5
// makeThumbnails5 makes thumbnails for the specified files in parallel.
// It returns the generated file names in an arbitrary order,
// or an error if any step failed.
func makeThumbnails5(filenames []string) (thumbfiles []string, err error) {
type item struct {
thumbfile string
err error
}
ch := make(chan item, len(filenames))
for _, f := range filenames {
go func(f string) {
var it item
it.thumbfile, it.err = thumbnail.ImageFile(f)
ch <- it
}(f)
}
for range filenames {
it := <-ch
if it.err != nil {
return nil, it.err
}
thumbfiles = append(thumbfiles, it.thumbfile)
}
return thumbfiles, nil
}
//!-5
//!+6
// makeThumbnails6 makes thumbnails for each file received from the channel.
// It returns the number of bytes occupied by the files it creates.
func makeThumbnails6(filenames <-chan string) int64 {
sizes := make(chan int64)
var wg sync.WaitGroup // number of working goroutines
for f := range filenames {
wg.Add(1)
// worker
go func(f string) {
defer wg.Done()
thumb, err := thumbnail.ImageFile(f)
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
return
}
info, _ := os.Stat(thumb) // OK to ignore error
sizes <- info.Size()
}(f)
}
// closer
go func() {
wg.Wait()
close(sizes)
}()
var total int64
for size := range sizes {
total += size
}
return total
}
//!-6
package main
import (
//"bufio"
//"fmt"
"log"
"os"
"sync"
"gopl.io/ch8/thumbnail"
)
func makeThumbnails6(filenames <-chan string) int64 {
sizes := make(chan int64)
var wg sync.WaitGroup // number of working goroutines
for f := range filenames {
wg.Add(1)
// worker
go func(f string) {
defer wg.Done()
thumb, err := thumbnail.ImageFile(f)
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
return
}
info, _ := os.Stat(thumb) // OK to ignore error
sizes <- info.Size()
}(f)
}
// closer
go func() {
wg.Wait()
close(sizes)
}()
var total int64
for size := range sizes {
total += size
}
return total
}
---------------------------------------------------------------------- using stream
func main() {
files := []string{"monkey.jpeg","elephant.jpeg"}
generator := func(files []string) <-chan string {
fileStream := make(chan string)
go func() {
defer close(fileStream)
for _, f := range files {
fileStream <- f
}
}()
return fileStream
}
filenames := generator(files)
makeThumbnails6(filenames)
}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- another using stream
package main
import (
//"bufio"
//"fmt"
//"log"
//"os"
"gopl.io/ch8/thumbnail"
)
func makeThumbnails5(filenames []string) (thumbfiles []string, err error) {
type item struct {
thumbfile string
err error
}
ch := make(chan item, len(filenames))
for _, f := range filenames {
go func(f string) {
var it item
it.thumbfile, it.err = thumbnail.ImageFile(f)
ch <- it
}(f)
}
for range filenames {
it := <-ch
if it.err != nil {
return nil, it.err
}
thumbfiles = append(thumbfiles, it.thumbfile)
}
return thumbfiles, nil
}
func main() {
files := []string{"monkey.jpeg","elephant.jpeg"}
makeThumbnails5(files)
}
package main
import (
//"bufio"
//"fmt"
//"log"
//"os"
"gopl.io/ch8/thumbnail"
)
func makeThumbnails5(filenames []string) (thumbfiles []string, err error) {
type item struct {
thumbfile string
err error
}
ch := make(chan item, len(filenames))
for _, f := range filenames {
go func(f string) {
var it item
it.thumbfile, it.err = thumbnail.ImageFile(f)
ch <- it
}(f)
}
for range filenames {
it := <-ch
if it.err != nil {
return nil, it.err
}
thumbfiles = append(thumbfiles, it.thumbfile)
}
return thumbfiles, nil
}
func main() {
files := []string{"monkey.jpeg","elephant.jpeg"}
makeThumbnails5(files)
}
